Friday, April 28, 2017

Detroit, MI: Oil and Salt

It is so nice to look at a historical photo of heavy industry and see that they still exist in the 21st Century.

Carl Venzke posted
The caption to this photo said "Rail Yard, Detroit" no other information. Would this have been near or at the Marathon refinery?
Marv Hall I looked at google maps this appears to be at Detroit salt looking southwest towards the marathon refinery thats on the southeast side of the tracks. The covered hoppers would be heading into Detroit salt. The storage oil tanks straight ahead are part of the refinery . I will post a map picture from google.

You can see Detroit Salt's huge salt pile at the top and the refinery at the bottom.
Satellite

Michigan Field Guide posted, cropped
The Detroit Salt Mine sits 1,200 feet below the city, and most people have no idea it's there. While you're stuck in traffic on I-94 or grabbing a Coney dog downtown, there's an entire industrial operation happening deep underground that's been running for over a century.
The mine was discovered in 1895 when drillers were searching for coal and instead hit a massive salt deposit. They started mining in 1910, and it's been going ever since. The Detroit Salt Company pulls about 1,400 tons of salt out of the ground every day, and the mine covers roughly 1,500 acres under the city. That's more than 100 miles of underground roads and tunnels carved out of pure rock salt.
The salt itself is ancient. It was formed about 400 million years ago when Michigan was covered by a shallow sea. As the water evaporated over millions of years, it left behind thick layers of salt that eventually got buried under sediment and rock. The Detroit salt deposit is part of a much larger formation that runs under most of the Great Lakes region, but Detroit's mine is one of the largest and most productive.
Here's what makes it wild: the mine is so deep and so stable that the temperature stays around 55 degrees year-round. No heating, no cooling. Just consistent conditions that make it ideal for long-term storage. The mine has been used to store everything from historical documents to film reels to natural gas reserves. During Prohibition, rumor has it that some tunnels were used for smuggling, though that's never been officially confirmed.
The salt mined here isn't the kind you put on your dinner table. Most of it gets used for road de-icing, which makes sense given how much snow Michigan gets. Some of it goes to industrial uses like water softening and chemical manufacturing. The mining process uses a room-and-pillar method, where they carve out large rooms and leave pillars of salt behind to support the ceiling. It's efficient, and it's safe. The mine has an excellent safety record, and the structure is so solid that it's expected to last for centuries.
Tours of the Detroit Salt Mine are extremely rare. It's an active industrial site, so public access is almost nonexistent. Occasionally, the company will allow small groups down for educational purposes, but for most people, the mine remains a hidden piece of Detroit's infrastructure. You can live your entire life in the city and never see it, even though it's right beneath your feet.
The mine employs around 100 people who work in shifts, operating heavy machinery, drilling, blasting, and hauling salt to the surface. It's hard work, but it's also one of the most unique jobs in Michigan. These workers spend their days in a vast underground world that most people will never experience.
The Detroit Salt Mine is a reminder that Michigan's industrial history runs deep, literally. It's not flashy. It doesn't get the attention that the auto industry does. But it's been quietly operating for over a hundred years, pulling resources out of the earth and keeping the region running. It's one of those things that makes you realize how much is happening in this state that people don't see or think about.
If you ever get the chance to go down there, take it. It's one of the most surreal experiences you can have in Michigan.

Detroitisit posted
Did you know that beneath the iconic cityscape of #Detroit lies a vast subterranean wonder? This salt deposit is over 400 million years old, older than the dinosaurs! 🦖
The Detroit Salt Mine stretches over 1,500 acres and plunges over 1,160 feet below the surface under the north end of Allen Park. Operational for more than a century, this hidden gem has played a vital role in providing much-needed salt for our nation.
The next time you're driving through the area, remember the wonders that lie just beneath your feet. 🧂 PC: Atlas Obscura
 
Detroitisit posted
#DidYouKnow that beneath Detroit lies an ancient wonder? The Detroit Salt Mine, over 400 million years old, spans 1,500 acres and plunges 1,160 feet deep.
Formed 400 million years ago, the Michigan Basin’s salt deposits emerged as ancient bodies of water receded and evaporated.
Discovered in 1895, the Detroit Salt Mine began production in 1910. By 1914, it was producing 8,000 tons of rock salt monthly. Technological advancements boosted productivity, and a second shaft was added in 1922.
Operations ceased in 1983 but resumed in 1998. Today, the mine provides North America with various ice melter products, using modern and safe mining techniques.
The next time you’re in the area, remember the incredible wonders beneath your feet. 🧂
PC: Atlas Obscura

Bernice Conner-Glass posted three photos with the comment: "THE CITY OF DETROIT SITS ON TOP OF A WORKING SALT MINE, AND THAT THE MINE HAS PROVIDED ROAD SALT FOR MOST OF NORTH AMERICA SINCE 1910!"
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Heather R miller commented on Bernice's post
I too took a tour of the salt mines. It’s like 2 miles under ground. I have a large chunk of salt from there that I have on display in my home.

The mainline track corridor between the two has the NS/Wabash route on the north side and the CRSA/PRR route on the south side. A little to the west is a NS/Wabash railyard, which is still a rather big classification yard. There is a little intermodal activity in the southeast side of the yard. Further south is a CRSA/PRR railyard. But many of the tracks have been removed from this yard. There is also a vehicle loading facility in this area.

Craig Hensley Photography posted
Detroit Salt Company
Did you know that there is a salt mine underneath Detroit? In 1910 the Detroit Salt Company completed the first 1,060-foot deep mining shaft to access the salt beds that formed some 400 million years ago. The mining operation was producing around 8000 tons of rock salt a month by 1914. A second mining shaft was created in 1922 to allow even more production and access to a second salt bed and   production doubled. Due to the shafts size all equipment is required to be disassembled piece by piece and lowered down and reassembled by a machine shop at the bottom. The rock salt is primarily used as a ice melter products, ranging from bulk rock salt to bagged rock salt and premium blended formulations. 
Detroit, MI - June 2023
Chris Paciocco: I used to do business with this place about a decade ago. Unless things have drastically changed, Detroit Salt has a pretty big rail car fleet of 400-600 covered hoppers from previous owners BNSF, Conrail, NS, and even former PC hoppers that (as of 2012) still had the PC logo and paint showing very clearly. Prior to the track mobile, they had an extremely beat-up SW switcher still in Conrail paint and logo that would stage the cars and Conrail or NS would switch the lead. Most of the salt ships to Chicago and beyond.
Nolan Skip Raspbury LaFramboise II: Our neighbor in River Rouge was the mine General Manager in the 1970s. He took a few of us who hung out at a local business down into the mines a couple of times. It was very informal, like, show up at Sam's place at this time and we'll drive over. As cool as it was, yes, I enjoyed it, I was young and more interested in other stuff. It closed as one entity in the 1990s. For all I knew, that was it, it was done. Then, in the late 1990s, I was traveling from my then home in San Francisco to visit Detroit. I met a young man on a shuttle bus. I don't know how we got on the subject, but he said the mines were open again. I disputed his account. I made it a point to visit my friend Pete at Gonellas and walk over to the mines. Sure enough, they'd reopened and were operating with a new shaft tower. I believe I have photos of the switcher, sitting all alone in the corner near the former Oakwood Bakery, that Chris Paciocco referred to above. Now, if I can only find them.

Nolan found three photos and added them to Craig's post.
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[Some comments noted the old shaft equipment in the background.]

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This appears to be the old shaft house which was demolished in the 1990s. That's a guess. I have too long of a window to remember exact time frames.

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The new shaft house from a few years ago. I was unable to catapult (ha ha ha) the fence. or climb it for that matter. I believe this one was built about the late 1990s.

Nathan Leindecker posted two photos with the comment: "The Newest Vessel on the Great Lakes the Ontario Venture loads Salt at the Detroit Salt Dock on a busy section of the Rouge River. 5-12-2026"
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11:07 video @ 0:35



Thursday, April 27, 2017

Athens, OH: B&O, NYC, and Hocking Valley Depot

While driving West on Union Street, my wife spotted a building that looked like a depot. So I went around the block and checked it out.

20170417 8557
They have done a nice job of preserving some of the details of the interior.
The older lady working in the depot explained that they used one of the former freight doors to provide an ADA (Americans With Disabilities Act) access.





When I struggled to get a shot of this print they had hanging in the station without getting a glare off the glass, she went into the old agent's office and brought out an historical photo.


When I heard the shutter, I checked the speed: 1/20, ISO 400. I'm impressed I held the camera steady enough to work at 1/20 since the photo was on the floor, and I was facing the camera straight down.

1/125 ISO 3200 This exposure looks "washed out" to me so I'm glad I held the 1/20 exposure steady.
Note the B&O water tower, streamlined engine, and caboose.

Matthew Clows posted four photos with the comment: "The old Baltimore and Ohio train station n athens ohio."
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James Stafa commented on Matthew's post
Here is photographic evidence that I rode one of the last B&O trains there.

She explained that the B&O tracks ran past the south side of the depot. The New York Central ran tracks down from their mainline, which passed Athens to the west. Those tracks ended just beyond the photo. The 2005 SPV Map and the C&O caboose in the color print indicate that Hocking Valley shared this stub. This HV and NYC branch started at Armitage Junction. The HockHocking Adena Bikeway uses the abandoned HV RoW in this area. This spur probably built the bridge that allows the trail to cross the Hocking River. The trail leaves the HV+NYC RoW south of the river and follows the river because the RoW has been redeveloped in town. And the river is better scenery for the bike riders.

A view of the B&O side.
Another view of the HV+NYC side.


Athens has gone from three railroads to zero.

Sunday, April 23, 2017

Athens, OH: Grosvenor (AS) Tower: Aban/B&O vs. NS/NYC/TOC

(Satellite)
Andre Tardif shared WVNC Rails posting
Where once the National Limited, Diplomat, Cincinnatian, Trailer Jets, and more passed. This 1965 view looks eastbound along the B&O Ohio Division at Grosvenor Tower just west of Athens, OH. This tower guarded the B&O St. Louis main junction with the New York Central Columbus Division (Columbus, OH-Swiss, WV) line into the Kanawha Valley.
In the distance is the girder plate bridge spanning the Hocking River and the west end of Athens. B&O operated Grosvenor Tower and it remained as a landmark here until destroyed by fire in 1982. In 1985, the B&O main line was downgraded with all through traffic rerouted or annulled. The Ohio Division trackage here remained active longer than the Parkersburg Branch in West Virginia but was also on borrowed time as the former B&O trackage here was removed in 1991. In contrast,the former NYC route lives on today as Kanawha River Railroad trains pass this very spot that is now a phantom junction. John G. King/Dan Robie collection

Where the power line goes east in this street view is where the B&O route was. TOC was Toledo & Ohio Central, a subsididary of NYC. NS got this route when Conrail was split up. The steel girder bridge still exists.

SE Ohio Coal Mining - Family History posted
Grosvenor tower on SR 682 by Athens in Athens Co.
Ronald Sorrell Sr.: Can someone tell me the purpose of this tower. I've always wondered what they were for.
David L White: It's an interlocking tower, it protected the crossing of the B&O and the New York Central railroads. The operator in the tower had control of signals and switches to allow trains to cross the diamond (an intersection of tracks letting one railroad cross another). I visited this tower once while a student at OU, sometime in the late fall of 1971. Today, all that remains is the north-south route of the Kanawha River, operating the old New York Central line.
Vicky Kottyan: What was this by in Athens at 682? Was it near White’s Mill?
Vicky Kottyan If you zoom back out, you can see where the B&O tracks used to be because of the treelines. The bridge for the B&O route across the river is now used by a trail.

Mark Howell commented on the above post
Grosvenor tower in 1972 when I lived up the road.

Dennis DeBruler shared
Note the arm sticking out from the back of the caboose. He is ready to catch the train orders that are on a string in the hoop that the tower operator is holding.

Darren Reynolds posted five images with the comment: "B&Os Grosvenor 'AS' tower, Ohio."
Darren Reynolds again posted five images with the comment: "B&Os 'AS' tower  (Grosvenor)
Athens, Ohio."
Parker Rich: Biggest mistake abandoning the Ohio Division.
Tim Shanahan shared
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Darren Reynolds posted six images. This is the new photo.
Tim Shanahan shared
Old"AS" tower (Grosvenor) at Athens, Ohio.Photo by: David P. Oroszi Collection


Almont, MI: PM Depot and Water Tower

Bob Thomas posted two photos with the comment: "Here are two photos of the Pere Marquette depot from my Almont Library visit on Friday"

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[Note the date of 1-22-1909 on the photo. Of course it is the water tower that caught my eye.]
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The sign on the building on the left says "Oliver Chilled Plows." That is the first time I have seen an Oliver dealer.

Pere Marquette came to this town from the east. It was the terminus of a branch from Port Huron. The branch was abandoned by PM.

Update: Bob Thomas posted four photos with the comment:
A few more pictures of the Pere Marquette train in Almont... I have more from Almont on the Interurban, but will probably post the Pere Marquette in Lambs (Lambs, Michigan role on the Pere Marquette has been most challenging, but fullfilling. I live just a short 10 minutes away from this town, which shows no evidence today of it's once thriving life.) , Allenton & Berville first. I haven't added them to my https://www.facebook.com/StClairCountyMichiganThenAndNow/posts/1805671632780150?notif_t=like&notif_id=1492001765176696 courtesy Almont District Library
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Gibson City, IL: Junction Tower: NKP(LE&W) vs. IC vs. Wabash and Interlocking Machine

(Satellite)
NorthAmericanInterlockings1989 1982

See Wabash Depot for the current status of the Wabash route.

Bill Molony posted
The Gibson City, Illinois interlocking tower - circa 1930.
Photographer unknown.
From the Blackhawk collection.
Mike Sypult: Looking east along the LE&W, later Nickel Plate, NW?
Dennis DeBruler: Mike Sypult No. Here is an explanation based on information provided by Harold J. Krewer in another post.
The photographer is standing on the IC looking toward Gilman. The track crossing in the foreground is the ex-NKP/LE&W between Frankfort and Peoria. The track behind the tower is the ex-Wabash.
Charlie DeWeese: Do not see the train order signals that were present at later pictures. Earlier train orders were handled at the individual depots?
Stephen N. Brannon: Charlie DeWeese I was wondering exactly the same thing.

Charlie Whipp posted
I re-scanned this photo of the Gibson City (IL) tower that I posted several years back in a attempt to bring out some details that were lacking in my previous attempt. When the photo was taken in June,1989 the interlocking and diamond layout was largely unchanged from the steam era. It was great to stumble across gems like Gibson City before the Internet era, these days everyone can find out what you had for lunch yesterday 🙂 
The IC crossed the the Wabash and NKP (Lake Erie and Western) here in the pre-amalgamation era that's ruined the diversity on the railroad map with the mega mergers. This photo looks down the ex NKP (LE&W) at the IC and Wabash diamonds.
Mark Egebrecht: The diamonds were removed about a year later after NS severed the Wabash north of Risk.
Richard Fiedler shared
Tim Shanahan shared

Charlie Whipp posted
Continuing on with the visit to Gibson City, IL and its interesting interlocking plant, here is a view looking down the former Lake Erie and Western RR's (later NKP) main line towards the Peoria gateway. The Wabash and IC diamonds are in the distance, the section gang building to the left belonged to the IC RR. What a great place to visit that somehow hung on in the late 1980s, maybe because it was in an out of sight, out of mind location helping it to escape the plant reduction that was happening in so many locations. June 1989 Kodachrome.
Dan Mitzel: Wow... a rod-connected dwarf semaphore (sans blade) there at the left.
Tim Shanahan shared

Phil Martin commented on Dan's comment
I have this dwarf in my collection. It came from the estate of the last tower operator there.

Nik Nikolić commented on Charlie's post
Was just there last week! [Jun 2026]

Richard Koenig posted
Richard posted again
[The comments have some additional photos.]
Richard posted to ask for the location of this tower. The consensus was Gibson City, IL. Harold Krewer explained:
Train is northbound on the ex-Wabash toward Chicago. Ex-NKP from Frankfort to Peoria in foreground. Photographer is standing on the IC looking toward Gilman.
Richard commented on his second post
Joseph Petric caught a corner of the tower when he captured a northbound Wabash Blue Bird in July 1969. Joe caught all of the tower in a black&white view he took before publications had switched to color printing. Jim French posted a 3/4 view of the tower.

Carl Venzke posted
Illinois Central Railroad: Gibson City signal tower

Note the various angles taken allow you to see a couple of train order semaphores and some "iron men" (train order hoop holders).

Since five of the six "spokes" still exist, it is easy to locate where this crossing was in the town. I put a red rectangle around the tower in the following aerial. (The red dot is an editing mistake that I did not notice until later.)

1940 Aerial Photo from ILHAP
Update:
Photo from Robert Daly's posting
Photo from Robert Daly's posting
Harold J. Krewer NKP order board and hoop stand. They had a hoop stand just like that at BN Target in Bloomington, wonder how prevalent that style was on the NKP?
Robert Daly I grew up along the old NKP Buffalo-Cleveland and don't remember seeing order boards like this.

 Raymond Storey posted six photos with the comment: "Gibson City ILL...The IC,Wabash and NKP."
Rick Powell I remember the old NKP line that went east from here through Paxton and on to Indiana. They were down to about 1 train a month before the line was abandoned.
James Maltby Last regular RR job I worked 1969.
Jon Roma I have a bunch of more recent pictures of Gibson City tower, taken near the end in the early Nineties at https://www.flickr.com/.../in/album-72157600994975093/, though I need to redo the scans with a better scanner.

The model board, the lever
s, and the interlocking machine below the floor from Gibson City were preserved, and were used in the replica tower constructed by volunteers the Monticello Railway Museum several years ago.

I had the privilege of designing the mechanical locking for the track layout at Monticello, and James Maltby (who commented above) has been one of the regular volunteers who operate the tower and demonstrate to museum guests about the importance of towers' role in railroading has been.

As a result, bits and pieces of Gibson City Tower survive today as part of MRM's living railroad.
Dennis DeBruler I haven't bothered to go to that museum because I'm not that interested in sheet metal. But if one can see an interlocking machine, I need to visit that museum.
Jon Roma Dennis DeBruler, I don't understand the reference to sheet metal.
Dennis DeBruler Jon Roma The standard railfan action of locomotives pulling trains. I don't care for railfan photos where the locomotives fill the frame. But I do enjoy railfan photos if they include some of the railroad infrastructure such as towers or big bridges. But even photos of the interiors of towers don't include the first floor interlocking machine. I still can't imagine how they worked.
Ray Ferguson I remember that tower well. My Dad was a Trainmaster at Gibson City we went there occasionally. I went to school with the opertors Son. We lived in Elliott, Il. 5 miles away. The Nickel Plate RR was right in back of our house. Their freight trains flew through the little town of Elliott population 200 wide open. I knew what time it was when I heard the blow without looking at a watch.
Jon Roma One thing I want to point out to anyone interested in Gibson City is that I have a handful of photos of the tower in a https://www.flickr.com/.../jonroma/albums/72157600994975093. I have more that have never made it through the scanner or onto Flickr.
[Jon Roma also posted photos of the interlocking machine and described how it works.]
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